Present Perfect x Past simple

           O Present Perfect é uma estrutura verbal característica da Língua Inglesa. Este tempo verbal refere-se a ações que iniciaram no passado e continuam até o momento presente. 

·         We use the Present Perfect to talk about experiences in life until now. We don´t say when they happened. 
    Example: Have you ever seen a comet? Você já viu um cometa?

·          We use the Past simple if we say when something happened. Example: Three years ago I went to México.

Para entender melhor, é legal mostrar a diferença da comparação entre os dois: O Simple Past foca em quando aconteceu e o Present Perfect foca no fato da ação (só importa o que aconteceu e não quando aconteceu).

I have burned my finger.

Mary has learnt a new language.

She has eaten the beef.

He has spoken a lot.

-Have you seen my juice? - yes, it´s on the refrigerator.


Do you understand? yes or no?

Go Ahead...




Ok. Na estrutura dessas frases temos:

POSITIVE

SUBJECT                          AUXILIARY                    PAST PARTICIPLE                           

 I/You/We/They                  `ve ( = HAVE)                 burned                                               my finger.

NEGATIVE

She/He/It                              hasn´t (= has not)            eaten                                                  the beef.

QUESTIONS and Short Answers – Have you ever….?  

Tip: Ever + Present Perfect = any time in your life until now. We often use it in questions.

 We  use the Present Perfect to ask about people´s experiences. If the answers is yes, we use the past simple to ask for (or give) more information.

-Have you ever been to China? ( Você já viajou para a china?) yes, I have.

-Did you have a good time? (Você se divertiu?)  Yes, I did.

Tip: We often make negative sentences with never: I´ve never been to China.

Para você que ainda não se sente confortável para usar o Present Perfect memorize (só troque o verbo se quiser perguntar "se você já alguma coisa."

Have you studied.. (você já estudou?)

Have you been… (Você já esteve?)

Have you heard...    (Você já escutou?)

Tip: When you and I met, I loved it.
(Aqui temos um marcador de tempo, quando e significa que já aconteceu portanto o verbo "met" está no passado).

Vamos falar do Past Participles:

-          -For regular verbs, add –ed or –d to the infinitive: work= worked.

-           - For irregular verbs, there are no rules. Look at the list of verbs at the end of your textbook.

EXERCÍCIOS PROPOSTOS

1.       Complete as sentenças com o simple past or present perfect usando os verbos entre parenteses:

a) I ______   ________ in the same house for twenty years.(to live)

b) ________ you _____   Grayce yesterday. (to see)

c) I ____________ (to see) this film two years ago.

d) He ______   _________ (to find) a new love now.

e) Shakeaspeare ____ ____ (not to write) the Phanton of the Opera.

f) He ______   ________  (to make)  that same mistake several times and _________(to lose) several fortunes.

g) Lucas e Brenda Karen ______    ________  (to play) volleyball.

h) What ______  you _______ (to do) this week?

i) Mr. Igor Gabriel ______ (to go) to North America to work.

j) I ______  _______  (to tell) Mikaele what you said.

In the next post colocarei as respostas e voltamos a falar do SINCE, JUST, NEVER, YET, EVER and ALREADY.

Good job!